Mannitol

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid.



Chemical Name

Mannitol

Other Name

DL-Mannitol
AI3-19511
Hexahydroxyhexane
Mannidex 16700
NSC 9256
D-Mannitol
D-(-)-Mannitol
hexitol
L-altritol

CAS

87-78-5
69-65-8

EINECS

201-770-2;200-711-8

Formula

C6H14O6

Molecular weight

182.172

InChI

InChI=1/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+/m0/s1

Density

1.596g/cm3

Melting Point

167-170℃

Boiling Point

494.9¬C at 760 mmHg

Flash Point

292.6¬C

Water soluble

soluble

Vapor pressure

7.22E-12mmHg at 25¬C

Refractive index

1.597

Physicochemical properties

Properties Mannitol is a hexavalent alcohol with white needle-like crystal in appearance and tastes like glucose

Solubility Soluble in water and hot methanol, ethanol, insoluble in ether

Usage

Used as analytical reagents, also used in the synthesis of resins and pharmaceuticals

Safety term

S24/25- Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Upstream raw materials

Anhydrous Dextrose Sodium Hydroxide Hydrochloric Acid



Application

Mannitol is of stable properties. With its own unique physiological properties, mannitol is widely used in medicine, food and other industrial fields.

In medicine -- Mannitol is a good diuretic, it can be used to reduce intracranial pressure, intraocular pressure and to be as renal medicine, dehydrating agent, substitutes of sugar, etc. It can also be used as excipient of tablet and diluent agent of solid or liquid. As a hypotensor with high permeability, mannitol injection is commonly used in clinical rescue, particularly in brain disorders. It is of the characteristics of reducing pressure fast and accurate curative effect, which are what the drug of reducing intracranial pressure requires. As excipients of tablets, mannitol is non-hygroscopic, and of drying quickly, good chemical stability. It is also refreshing and easy to form particles. It can be used in most tablets such as anticancer drugs, antibiotics, antihistamines and vitamin, etc. In addition, it can be used in chewing tablets such as sobering up medicine and mouth refreshing agent, etc.

In food industries - The absorbency of mannitol in sugar and sugar alcohols is in minimum level. It is of refreshing sweet taste and used in the anti-adherence of food such as malt sugar, gum and rice cake etc, as well as used as adhesion-proof powders of general cake. It can also be used as low calorific value and low sugar content sweeteners like food and body-building food for diabetes patients.

In other industries -- Mannitol can be used in plastics industry to produce rosin ester, synthetic glycerol resin, explosives and detonators ( nitromannite ) etc. It can also be applied to determinate boron in chemical analysis and as bacterial culture agent in biological test, etc.