Influenza (Flu)

Influenza virus is the representative species of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The typical clinical symptoms of these diseases are acute high fever, general pain, marked fatigue and respiratory symptoms.
Influenza viruses are spread mainly through airborne droplets, contact between a susceptible person and an infected person, or contact with contaminated objects.

The General autumn-winter season is its high incidence period. Influenza A and B viruses mainly caused human influenza.
The rapid diagnosis of Flu is using the immunofluorescence method, ELISA method to detect virus antigen.

We usually take the patient's nasal mucosa or respiratory tract exfoliated epithelial cell smear and see the antigen by immunofluorescence staining with fluorescin-labelled influenza virus immune serum. Or test the antigen in the patient's pharyngeal gargle by ELISA.

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Flu Antibody
Influenza viruses are divided into three types: A, B, and C. Influenza A virus can cause a worldwide pandemic. Influenza virus is a segmented single-stranded negative-stranded RNA virus. The protein combined with nucleic acid is nucleoprotein (nucleoproteiN, NP). The NP antigen is stable and type-specific. Outside the virus, the core is the matrix protein (M protein) tightly bound to the virus envelope, and the outermost is the virus envelope. There are two kinds of spines on the envelope; one is hemagglutinin (HA), the other is nerve Aidase (neuraminidase, NA), which are easily mutated.

Serological methods for detecting antibodies include the hemagglutination inhibition test, complement fixation test, neutralization test, ELISA, etc., but the most commonly used is the hemagglutination inhibition test.

Influenza Antigen
Influenza virus can cause infection and disease in humans, birds, pigs, horses, bats, and other animals and is the pathogen of human and animal diseases such as human influenza, avian influenza, swine influenza, and equine influenza.

The typical clinical symptoms of these diseases are acute high fever, generalized pain, marked fatigue, and respiratory symptoms. Influenza viruses are mainly spread through airborne droplets, contact between susceptible and infected persons, or contaminated items. Generally, autumn and winter are the high incidence period. Human influenza is mainly caused by influenza A and B viruses.

Direct and indirect immunofluorescence, radioimmunoassay, ELISA, immunoelectron microscopy, etc., to detect antigens quickly, but indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA are the most commonly used. In addition, the PCR method and nucleic acid hybridization method can also use to check nucleic acid.

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