Epigallocatechin gallate/[email protected]

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(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a strong polyphenol catechin antioxidant found in green tea, reported to have broad efficacy against many conditions generated from oxidative damage. Extensive oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDLs) is correlated to cardiovascular diseases, and EGCG is reported to strongly inhibit Cu(2+)-mediated oxidative modification of LDLs. The antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) are observed to suppress apoptosis and convey survival to heavily damaged and mutated cells in vitro, and EGCG (along with the other catechins) is shown to directly inhibit these proteins, reestablishing the normal apoptotic pathway in the cell. EGCG also inhibits NOS2 (iNOS).

One of the main polyphenolic constituents of green tea that exhibits potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Arrests cell cycling at G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Shown to inhibit PMA-induced skin thickening and to activate of protein kinase C. Also activates ornithine decarboxylase and interleukin-1α mRNA and protein expression. Acts as an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and enzyme activity. Also blocks peroxynitrite-mediated formation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 3-nitrotyrosine. Strongly and directly inhibits telomerase in cell-free systems and in cancer cell lines. An inhibitor of Dnmt1 (IC50 = 210-470 nM). Acts as a selective and noncompetitive inhibitor of HAT activities (IC50 = 30, 50, 60 and 70 ³´µM for p300, CBP, PCAF and TIP60) with minimal effects on HDAC, SIRT and HMTase.

Potent antioxidant flavonoid. Displays anticancer, antitumour activity and induces apoptosis. Modulates numerous cell signalling pathways, such as inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and COX-2 pathways. Also shows anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activities (EC50 = ~22 μM for inhibition of influenza virus).